TODAY'S SAINT (John Bosco)

JOHN BOSCO

(1815-1888)

Founder of the Society of St. Francis de Sales,

known as the Salesians

Name meaning: "God is gracious"

John Bosco, mentor to St. Dominic Savio, was renowned for his work with boys. He could well be called the "Dreaming Saint," for he used his frequent and vivid, lucid dreams not only for his own guidance but also as teaching tools to his young charges. At the request of Pope Pius IX (r. 1846-78), he kept detailed records of his dreams.

John Melchior Bosco was born in Becchi, Piedmont, to a peasant family. His father died when he was two, and he was raised by his mother. He had his first lucid dream when he was about nine years old, which left an impression on him for the rest of his life. In it he learned of his spiritual mission, which he never wavered.

In the dream, John was in a field with a crowd of children. They began currsing and misbehaving. Shocked, John jumped into their midst and shouted at them to stop. John wrote of his dream:

At that moment a Man appeared, nobly attired, with a manly and imposing bearing. He was clad with a white flowing mantle, and His face radiated such light that I could not lok directly at Him. He called me by name and told me to place myself as leader of those boys, adding these words:

"You will have to win these friends of yours not with blows but with gentleness and kindness. So begin right now to show them that sin is ugly and virtue beautiful."

Confused and afraid, I replied that I was only a boy and unable to talk to these youngster about religion. At that moment the fighting, shouting and cursing stopped, and the crowd of boys gathered around the Man who was talking. Almost unconsciously, I asked:

"But how can you orderr me to do something so impossible?"

"What seems so impossible you must achieve by being obedient and by acquiring knowledge."

The Man (perhaps Jesus), said he would give John a teacher. Then appeared a Lady (perhaps Mary) of majestic appearance, wearing a beautiful mantle, glowing as if bedecked with stars. The children all vanished and were replaced by wild animals. The Lady told John this was his field where he must work, and to make himself humble, steafast and strong. The animals the turned into gentle lambs. The Lady said to the confused John, "In due time everything will be clear to you."

John shared his dream with his family the next morning. His brothers laughed, and predicted that he would become a shepherd of animals or the leader of a gang of robbers. His mother said, "Who knows? Maybe you will become a priest." And his grandmother said, "You mustn't pay attention to dreams."

John was inclined to agree with his grandmother, but his lucid dreams only increased as he got older.

At age 16 he began studying for the priesthood and was ordained on June 5, 1841, at age 26. He was so poor that all of his clothes came from charity. He went to Turin and enrolled at the Convitto Ecclesiastico, a theological college that trained young priests for the pastoral life. There he began a Sunday catechism for poor boys, a sort of wandering oratory that changed locations several times in Turin. This proved to be quite successful, and soon John was taking in and housing destitute boys. In 1853 he opened workshops for tailors and shoemakers. He succceeded in constructing a church, placing it under the patronage of his favorite saint, Francis de Sales. By 1856 he had 150 resident boys, plus four workshops and some 500 children in the oratories. This effort became the Society of St. Francis de Sales in 1859, when John received permission to establish a religious congregation from Pope Pius IX.

In 1872 John established an order of women called Daughters of Our Lady, Help of Christians, which also grew rapidly.

John was adept at buiding churches, and raised funds for a large basilica in Turin, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist. In Rome he undertook a project to build a church in honor of the Ssacred Heart. But funds were not forthcoming, so he went to France, where he was hailled as a miracle worker. The church was built and consecrated in 1887.

By then, John's health was failing due to overwork. He deteriorated and died on January 31, 1888. Forty thousand people came to see his body prior to burial.

Today the Salesians extend around the world.

John's unusual dream life attracted the interest of Pop Piux IX who instructed him to write his dreams down for the pope. More than 150 of john's unusual dreams were collected and recorded by his followers. Many of the dreams were prophetic and concerned his boys and the Salesian Order. Other dreams were pedagogical and still others were parables. These dreams were in harmony with his religious training and beliefs, couched in symbols of his religious life, and concerned the need to follow Catholic doctrine in order to attain salvation.

John's lucid dreams were quite long and involved much specific detail. Unlike most ordinary dreams, they were logical and followed a complete story line from beginning to end. He was usually accompanied by a guide figure, variously an angel, St. Francis de Sales, St. Dominic Savio, or a man he referred to as "the man with the cap." He would carry on long conversations with others in his dreams, which he was able to remember. The dreams seemed more like real experiences than dreams. His sensory impressions were so strong that sometimes he would clap his hands or touch himself in the dream to try to ascertain whether he was dreaming or was awake. This is a technique used today by lucid dreamers to verrify that their experience is real.

Sometimes physical phenomena followed him out of the dream and into waking consciousnes. He would awaken exhausted. In one dramatic dream where he was shown the horrors of hell, the putrid smell of evil remained after he awakened. This bleed-through between worlds is characteristic of shamanistic journeys, and belongs to Jung's "psychoid unconscious," a level in the unconscious that is not acessible to consciousness, but has properties in common with the physical world. Similarly, St. Jerome was beaten in a dream and awakeded bruised and sore.

John derived a great deal of guidance from his lucid dreams. He was intensely devoted to his young charges, and his prophetic dreams seem to have had the purpose of learning about certain boys' spiritual misconduct so that he could try to set them on the right course again. His dreams were uncannily accuurate in revealing the secrets of others, and also in matters concerning impending deaths.

John would recount his dreams in lectures to his young audience. He would sometimes say that "it was a dream in which one can know what one does; can hear what is said, can ask and answer questions."He cautioned his boys not to speak of his dreams in the outside community, for others would consider them fables. When peers and superiors questioned his dreams, he would gravely reply, "It was a great deal more than a dream." If he did not wish to answer probing questions, he said that he could remember so much detail "by means of Fotis Botis Pia Tutis." This was a meaningless phrase that served to deflect further questioning.

If not for the papal interest, John's dreams may have been lost to history. They remain interesting to researchers who study dreams and prophecy.

In addition to his unsual dreams and powers of prophecy and clairvoyance, John is credited with multiplying food--some nuts--for his boys, levitating during Mass, and influencing the weather, In 1864, John was invited to preach at the feast of the asumption in Montemagno, which was suffering a severe drought. He promised rain if the people would make good confessions, attend three nights of prayer and receive Communion, and if farmers would invoke the intercesion of Mary when in a state of grace. On the night of the feast, a great storm broke and pelted the town with rain.

John was protected by a mysterious dog who suddenly appeared whenever he was in danger. The dog looked like a large and ferocious Alsatian. John named it Grigio because it was gray in color. in the 1850's religious factions were opposed to his teachings and threatened him. Once someone even shot at him; the bullet passed under his arm, making a hole in the cassock but leaving his flesh untouched. John also was accosted as he walked about, especially in lonely places. Grigio would suddenly appear and attack anyone who assaulted him or seemed threatening. The dog would mysteriously disappear when he returned safely to his oratory. Grigio refused offers of food; however, others could see him and touch him. Grigio's vigilance lasted far longer than the typical lifespan of a dog. Some people suggested he was an angel in animal form.

John's scapular was found in rerfect condition when the saint's body was exhumed the first time. All other fabric in the coffin had deteriorated.

PRAYER

God of mercy, You called St. John Bosco to be a father

and teacher of the young. Grant that inspired by his

ardent charity we may serve You alone and never tire of

bringing others to Your Kingdom. Amen.

Canonized: 1934 by Pope Pius XI

Feast: January 31

Patronage: appretices; editors

FURTHER READING

Forty Dreams of St. John Bosco. Rockford, Ill.: TAN books and

Publishers, 1996.

TODAY'S SAINT (Felix IV)

FELIX IV

(d. 530)

Pope

Felix was a cardinal in Samnium when Pope St. John I (r. 523-526) died in prison in May 526. John I had been arrested by Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths and of Italy, who was threatened by John's appeal to members of the Eastern as well as Western Church. Theodoric put forward Felix as a candidate for the Chair of St. Peter, and the Roman clergy and laity acquiesced to his wishes. Felix was consecrated on July 12.

On August 30, Theodoric died. The throne passed to his grandson, Athalaric, cut because he was then a minor, the government was put in the hands of his mother, Theodoric's daughter, Amalasuntha. Fortunately, she was well disposed toward the Catholics. She allowed Felix the traditional privilege of judging clergy who were accused of misconduct and she gave him as gifts a pagan temple, which he had reconstructed as the church of SS. Cosmas and Damian. This church still exists; in its apse there is a large and magnificent mosaicexecuted on Felix's order.

In 529, Felix sent 25 pronouncements on grace annd free will to Caesarius of Arles, who presented them before the Synod of Orange. The synod accepted them as a confirmation of the teachings of St. Augustine and a condemation of simi-Pelagianism.

Felix grew increastingly concerned about the Roman Church. On the one hand, many believers supported the Goths, while on the other, many leaned toward Byzantium. When he fell fatally ill in September 530, in the hopes of keeping peace Felix gave his pallium to his archdeacon Boniface and let it be known that Boniface was to be his successor. However, in the papal elections that followed his death, his wishes were disregarded. Felix's relics rest in the porrtico of St.Basilica in the Vatican.

Feast: January 30

TODAY'S SAINT (Gildas the Wise)

GILDADS THE WISE

ABBOT

Born about 500 in the Valley ot the Clyde, St. Gildas is a very celebrated teacher and the first British historian. The facts of his life are rather uncertain. According to the earliest version we possess, he was forced to flee to Wales, where he married and, after his wife's death, became a pupil of St. Illtyd. arter spending some time in Ireland, he made a pilgrimage to Rome about 520 and founded a religious house at Ruys in Brittany on his way back, reaching Wales in 527. Later he visited Ruys and Ireland again and died at Ruys on January 29, 570, surrounded by his disciples.

St. Gildas wrote a famous history condemning British vice, which is the only history of the Celts. It covers the period from the coming of the Romans to Gildas' own time, but its purpose is more hortatory than strictly historical. Hence, it may have taken an exaggerated view of the evils of its times. St. Gildas also wrote some penitential canons.

PRAYER

Lord, amid the things of this world, let us be wholeheartedly

committed to heavenly things in imitation of the example of

evangelical perfection which You have given us in St. Gildas.

Amen.

TODAY'S SAINT (Timothy)

TIMTHY

(d. 97)
Disciple of St. Paul; Evangelist; by tradation, the first

bishop of Eptesus;martyr

Also known as: Timotheus

Timothy was born in Lystra, Lycaonia; his father was Greek, his mother Jewish. His mother, Eunice, her mother, Lois, and Timothy converted to Christianity during St. Paul's visit to Lycaoniaa. Because Timothy's mother was Jewish by birth, St. Paul allowed him to be circumcised to satisfy the Jews.

When Paul returned to Lystra seven years later, Timothy replaced St. Barnabas at the evangelist's side. When Jewish opposition forced Paul to leave Beroeea, Timothy remained behind to baptize, organize and confirm new Christian converts. Later he was sent to thessalonica to report on the status of Christianity there, and to support believers faced with persecution from Rome. His report served as the basis for Paul's First Letter to the earliest writing in the New Testment.

In A.D. 58, Timothy went with St. Erastus to Corinth. They then accompanied Paul into Tphesus and Asia Minor. It is likely that Timothy was with Paul when the latter was imprisoned in Caearea and in Rome. Timothy himself was imprisoned in Rome for a while.

Paul sent Timothy two epistles, one from Macedonia around A.D. 65, the other from Rome, during his third and last imprisonment, while he was awaiting his death. These letters instructed Timothy to correct false doctrine and to appoint bishops and deacons.

According to tradition, Timothy went to preach in Ephesus and established the Church there. After demouncing the Dionysian festical of Katagogia, the tradition continues, he was stoned and clubbed to death about the year 97. His relics are said to have been translated to Constantinople in 356, and cures at his shrine there were later mentioned by St. Jerome and St. John Chrysostom.

In art, Thimothy often is portryed as a bishop with a club and stone, or being stoned to death. He is also shown receiving an epistle from Paul.

Feast: January 26 (formerly 24 in the West); January 22 (in the East)

Patronage: against intestinal disorders; against stomach diseases

TODAY'S SAINT (Fulgentius of Ruspe)

FULGENTIUS OF RUSPE

(468-533)

Bishop of Ruspe, Father of the Church

Fabius Claudius Gordianus Fulgentius was born at Telepte (Thelepte), in the North African province of Byzacena, in 468. His Grandfather, Gordianus, had been a seator in Carthage who had been exiled to Italy by the Vandals; but the family still owned property and had status in the region. Fulgentius's father, Claudius, died soon after his birth, and he was brought up by his mother, Mariana. He was well educated and when he came of age help Mariana manage the family estate, Proving himself in his abilities, he was appointed procurater of Telepte and tax receiver of Byzacena.

However, he was drawn to the religious life. After practicing austerities privately for a time, he entered a local monstery when he was 22. There he became ill form excessive abstinence, but recovered. When renewed persecutions forced the abbot to flee, Fulgentius also left, going to another monastery, this run by a friend of his named Felix. Felix tried to abdicate in favor of Fulgentius, but the two finally agreed on a corule, Felix caring for the house while Fulgentius instructed the brethren.

Felix and Fulgentius rulled together for six years until in 499 they were forced to flee invading Numidians. They went to Sicca Veneria, where they were arrested on the demand of an Arian priest, Scourged, and tortured, but finally released when they refused to deny their faith. The two monks then split up, Fulgentius intending to visit the anchorites in the Egyptian desert, though he instead went to Rome where in 500 he visited the tombs of the Apostles. when he returned to Byzacena, he built his own monastery, though he chose to live apart as a hermit.

During this peiod, the Vandals did not allow orthodox Catholic bishops to be elected in Africa, and several sees fell vacant. Finally, in 508, the remaining North African bishops decided to get new bishops in place before the Vandals could stop them. Fearing he would be elected, Fulgentius went into hidinng. He returned when he thought all of the vacancies had been filled, but unfortunately for him landed at the seaport of Ruspe (now Kudiat Rosfa, Tunisia), where the election had been delayed. He was promptly elected and consecrated bishop of a town he had never before seen.

He quickly erected a new monastery, placing Felix in charge. However, it was not long before he and the 60 other new bishops were exiled to Sardinia. Fulgentius quickly emerged as spokesman of this community, and in Cagliari founded yet another monastery. There he began writing an important series of theological works addressing the Arian heresy, some of which came to the attention of the Vandal king Thrasimund. In 515, Thrasimund had Fulgentius taken to Carthage for discussions with the Arian clergy.

In Carthage, Fulgentius found a receptive audience among the city folk. His presence became a threat to the Aarians, who insisted that he be deported. He was put aboard ship one night but contrary winds keept it in port for the next several days and many were able to take his leave and to receive Holy Communion from his hands. To one weeping religious man, he prophesied his speedy return and the liberty of the african Church. This came with the death of Thrasimund in 523. Fulgentius returned to his monastery outside Ruspe, where he continued to rule for the remaining years of his life, insisting on austerity for himself and his priests.

Perhaps sensing his end was near, in 532 Fulgentius suddenly left Ruspe and retired to a small monastery he had caused to be built on the island of Circinia (Circe). His flock did not permit him to remain there long, however, and shortly after his return to Ruspe, he fell ill. He was sick for 70 days before expiring on January 1, 533. He was 65, and in the 25th year of his episcopate. So beloved was he for his gifts of oratory that he was buried within his church, contrary to the law and custom of his age.

Feast: January 1 (Foormerly January 3)